Limited Passport as Proof of Citizenship

It depends. What variety of "limitation" are you talking about? Be more specific.
I assume he is talking about an emergency passport. In this case, it cannot be used as a proof of citizenship except when returning to the USA. In order to get a regular US passport, he would have present other citizenship documents (e.g., birth certificate, naturalisation certificate, report of birth abroad, etc). Of course, my assumption can be wrong.
 
Limited-validity passports are issued only to US nationals and US citizens, same as full-validity passports. In case a limited-validity passport has a designation about your US citizeniship, it is a proof of your US citizenship (same as a full-validity passport). In case it lacks this designation, it is a proof of your US nationality and a proof of lack of US citizenship (same as full-validity passport).
 
Limited-validity passports are issued only to US nationals and US citizens, same as full-validity passports. In case a limited-validity passport has a designation about your US citizeniship, it is a proof of your US citizenship (same as a full-validity passport). In case it lacks this designation, it is a proof of your US nationality and a proof of lack of US citizenship (same as full-validity passport).
And yet he would not be able to apply for a regular US passport if his only "proof" is an emergency passport. So, I guess the answer to his question is "maybe, depending on what he wants to do with it".
 
Limited-validity passports are issued only to US nationals and US citizens, same as full-validity passports. In case a limited-validity passport has a designation about your US citizeniship, it is a proof of your US citizenship (same as a full-validity passport). In case it lacks this designation, it is a proof of your US nationality and a proof of lack of US citizenship (same as full-validity passport).

Some limited passports are issued to someone who asserts a claim to citizenship but needs more proof and perhaps witnesses who are in the U.S. These folks may be lawfully issued a one entry only U.S. passport to allow them to assert their claim inside the U.S.

Some passports are issued for limited periods based on a need to return a child to the U.S. in an international custody case where multiple issues need to be sorted out as to both custody and citizenship.

Also regular passports are all limited passports. They are issued to children for 5 years and adults (16 and up) for 10 years. Expired passports are of limited use (such as for applying for a new passport).
 
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I think he is talking about Emergency Photo-digitized Passport (EPDP) or (Overseas Photo-digitized Passport) OPDP
All relevant details are in www.state.gov/documents/organization/86778.pdf

I take what people say "with a grain of salt". That is, I don't trust that most people know what they are saying, especially in the realm of immigration and nationality law. People ask "half questions" in the hopes of getting someone to say whatever it is they wish to hear. They do this whether they mean to or not.
 
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