12.3 Oral Testimony.
It must be emphasized that in many instances where a United States passport is not statutorily required of an
arriving citizen applicant, a person may establish United States citizenship by oral statements. The
recommended question, "Of what country are you a citizen?" is difficult to improve upon. The awkward form of
the question challenges the respondent -- in a subtle way -- to reveal an understanding of the English language.
Hesitancy and confusion may reflect an unfamiliarity with the language. This type of inquiry demands a
thoughtful, active response. The psychological advantage of subtly placing the applicant momentarily at a
disadvantage (requiring the applicant to "think"), is a valuable tool in uncovering false claims to United States
citizenship. An inquiry such as: "You're all Americans, aren't you?", is far less likely to elicit a useful response.