See
this site by a CPA.
According to this CPA, no immigration-related expenses are tax deductible.
My opinion:
If you are filing under EB-2 (non-NIW) or EB-3, there is a good chance that your employer has paid your expenses anyway. If your job offer stated that these expenses would be paid by the employer, but somehow they did not pay for all or part of the process that you had to end up paying, then you
may have a case for a deduction
but only if you have proof that the employer was supposed to pay these expenses originally, e.g. in the form of an employment offer letter, etc.
If you are self-petitioning by your own choice (NIW or EB-1A/C), there is no basis for claiming these expenses as work-related expenses because 1- You chose to stay in the US and self-petition, regardless of whether this was the only way to remain in the country or not -
you chose to stay and file this petition, and 2- these petitions are, by definition, not employer sponsored, so you can't argue that your employer was
supposed to pay these but didn't (which is what un-reimbursed work expense deductions normally indicate) because your employer has no business in your petitions in the first place.
This also goes for EAD/advanced parole: These are documents that are issued to you on the basis of a self-filed petition; your employer never made you get them and doesn't care how or why you have them - all your employer cares about is that you are legally permitted to work regardless of what the background of that permission is. Arguing that getting a new or renewed EAD is a 'job related expense' is arguing that your entire presence in the US and your ability to work is required by your employer - but it isn't because you self-petitioned, remember? This is even more so for advanced parole - does your employer really request that you have advanced parole as part of your ability to work for them? Do they even know what AP is?
Now: You may have a case for Advanced Parole if a US citizen can claim their passport-processing fees as a job related expense for job related travel. If a US citizen is asked to travel abroad by her employer, and thus has to apply for her passport in order to perform this job-related duty, can she deduct such passport fees?
Apparently she can if the travel is job-related, thus you can probably deduct AP fees for the same reason, again, assuming you were specifically assigned an overseas assignment by your employer and have proof of that in case of an audit. Otherwise, claiming AP as a job-related expense is not really valid.
Of course - different people get away with different offenses.... how many folks do you know who invited you for a "business" (wink wink) dinner that included your buddies and your parents?