Reply to skusa
I looked up some references for you. Even though I work part time for H&R Block, most of the problems I deal with are related to US taxes for residents.
But here is what I found related to your case: good reference material would be IRS Pub. 519. You can find it on IRS.GOV website, if you punch 519 in "search for forms" field right on the front page.
This publication has a definition of "Resident Alien" status which we discussed earlier: you have to pass either green card test or a substantial presence test. Substantial presence test means that you have to count days of your presence in the United States and it has two requirements:
1. >= 31 days during current year (2003)
2. and 183 days during the 3-year period that includes the current year (2003) and the two years immediately before that (2002 and 2001), counting: all days in 2003+1/3 days in 2002+1/6 days in 2001
Then, on page 6 of that publication, there is a list of "exempt" individuals. For the purpose of counting days for substantial presence test it says: "Do not count days for which you are an exempt individual". And a list of exempt individuals includes:
"a teacher or trainee temporary present in the United States under "J" or "Q" visa
"a student temporarily present in the United States under an "F", "J" , "M, or "Q" visa, who substantially complies with the requirements of the visa."
Also if you used up an allowable treaty time with your country for 2 or 6 years in a row while you were a student in the US - you are not an exempt individual.
If you were a PostDoc on "J" visa - as I understand you are not a trainee or a student or a teacher - you are a researcher - and you are not in the list of exempt individuals and you can consider yourself a "not exempt" individual and count all your J1 days towards your substantial presence test. That is what I would try to do and submit 1040X for the last 3 years...
Good luck,
Gegemon
EB12-OR VSC
RD: 03-19-2003
ND: 04-02-2003