Check with the Belgian and UAE Embassies.
Visa requirements depend on your country of citizenship and not your US (or other country) immigration status.
There are very few exceptions, for example:
Canada and Mexico will let you in as US Permanent resident if you enter directly from US.
UK will waive a transit visa requirement if you are traveling to US and have US entry clearance. etc.
Additionally, these regulations can change quickly. It is your responsibility to obtain entry / transit clearances and no one will reimburse you if you are denied boarding.
Happy traveling!