As noted above, if you want to re-schedule the oath, you should send the oath letter (form N-445) back to the local USCIS district office and attach a letter explaining that you can't attend the scheduled oath and are requesting that it be rescheduled. There should be a paragraph about this procedure at the bottom of the first page of the oath letter. Plus here is a quote from "A Guide to Naturalization", p. 38:
"If you cannot attend the ceremony on the day you are scheduled, you should return the USCIS notice (Form N-445) to your local office. You should include a letter explaining why you cannot be at the ceremony and asking USCIS to reschedule you."
http://www.uscis.gov/files/article/chapter5.pdf
If you do that, I'd suggest that you also call the USCIS 800 number after a little while and try to confirm that they did receive your request for rescheduling (if they don't receive it and you do not show up for the oath, your N-400 will be denied).
No, it will not take years to have the oath rescheduled. Usually it takes from a few weeks to a few months (I'd say 3-3.5 months on the outside) to the new oath date.
No, they won't call you for another interview. If you request a rescheduled oath, they'll simply put your file at the back of the line of files waiting for oath scheduling.
They will not send you any special confirmation that your request has been received - the next piece of mail you'll get from the USCIS will be a new oath letter after the new oath has been scheduled.
You should also remember that the continuous residency requirement must be satisfied all the way up to the moment of the naturalization oath. If you travel abroad between the interview and the oath, you'll need to list this travel at the back of N-445 when you attend the oath ceremony. Before the start of the oath, a USCIS officer will look at your N-445 and will question you about the travel abroad that occurred between the interview and the oath. If such travel was sufficiently extensive to call into question your continuous residency requirement, the IO will not allow you to take the oath and your file will be sent back to the USCIS district office for another look.