If your Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, has been properly filed, USCIS will initially respond by mailing you a receipt notice that confirms receipt of your application. The receipt notice is formally known as Form I-797C, Notice of Action and arrives 2-3 weeks after filing.
If your Form I-130 has not been properly filed, USCIS may send a Notice of Action to reject the petition or may send a Request for Evidence that requests additional items. Either will significantly delay your request. So it is vital to prepare the I-130 correctly and submit all required documents.
After filing Form I-130, the approval process can take anywhere from 5-12 months for Immediate Relatives and could take several years for Family Preference Categories. This is an approximation. It may be shorter for some and longer for others. Don’t forget — you can check your case status online with your receipt number. The USCIS website also lists normal processing times for an I-130 petition. If you believe that your case is outside the normal processing times, you can make a case inquiry.