If forms I-130 and I-485 are concurrently filed while onehourrunner's mother is on valid non-immigrant status, onehourrunner's mother can stay in the US until her case is adjudicated. As an immediate relative of a US citizen, she is more or less guaranteed to get her green card. Is she prepared to hang around until her case is adjudicated or would she prefer consular processing? One caveat: when someone who enters on a non-immigrant visa applies to adjust his/her status to that of a permanent resident, he/she can expect to be questioned on his/her original intent when entering the US.