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8 CFR 245.2(a)(4)(ii)(A) through (D) says that if you leave the US while I-485 is pending, it is automatically abandoned, unless you are granted Advance Parole prior to leaving, and you are paroled back on that Advance Parole, or you had maintained H1b/H4/L1/L2/K3/K4/V status just before...

You mean you will be physically present in the US, but not going to the office, when working? But why do you need to be in the US when you are not at the office?

The child's birth certificate is needed to prove the mother-child relationship for the I-130. The beneficiary's (i.e. the mother's) birth certificate is needed for the I-485.

Marriage certificate is not needed to prove mother-child relationship.

You can file any time before your grace period ends

Yes, if the country of your passport allows it. (Some countries require proof of status in the country you are in when applying for a passport, and they may or may not have procedures to deal with people with pending EOS/COS.)

Your passport is not required to be valid for the entire length of the new status at the time you apply for Change of Status. Your passport just has to be valid (of any length of validity) at the time you apply for the Change of Status, and you have to promise to maintain a valid passport. Your...

Are you the same person who posted this question? If you tried to enter the US without a valid visa or valid AP, then they are right to deny you entry and remove you. Depending on your category, you might be able to file a new I-485 as a defense against removal. I don't think AP would be renewed...

If the other parent is also an LPR, and the other parent has not returned to the US after the child's birth, then the child should be able to enter the US without a visa with that parent's first return to the US.

The Foreign Affairs Manual and ILRC citizenship charts would probably be the most detailed resources. Birth out of wedlock to an American father is governed by INA 309(a). Since you were between 15 and 18 in 1986, you can choose to use either the "new INA 309(a)" or the "old INA 309(a)" (see 8...

How old is the younger child?

Did the spouse also separately petition the son (their step-son)?

How old was the son when they got married? Is her spouse a US citizen or a US permanent resident?

Technically true but effectively false as you can always "file it again" by filing a Motion to Reopen with new evidence. Suppose someone was not a citizen and mistakenly filed N-600, and then was correctly denied. Later they became a derived citizen; they can't file N-600 again but can file...

The correct process depends on whether you guys plan for her to move to the US or stay living abroad. If she will move to the US, the correct path is for you to petition her to immigrate to the US, i.e. to get a green card, by filing I-130. After I-130 approval, it will go to NVC and the...

Why do you have to wait for visa numbers? Is it because you petitioned your spouse to immigrate as the spouse of a permanent resident in F2A? Why couldn't your spouse immigrate as your derivative beneficiary? Is it because you married after you became a PR? Or because you yourself immigrated as...

It won't definitely cause an issue. It won't definitely not cause an issue either.

Did either of your parents become a US citizen before you turned 18?

The selection on the W-4 doesn't have to match how they file their taxes and doesn't have anything to do with immigration. It just affects how much taxes the employer withholds. A little less tax might have been withheld for Head of Household than Single, but as long as the total withholding for...

The point is that it's the intent and context that matters for residence. In the case of the person who became a permanent resident a few hours before turning 18, and continued to reside in the US for a long time afterwards, that few hours before 18 was part of a long period of residence, so...